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Aetiology, prevalence, and prognosis.

Marianna Adamo1,2, Mauro Massussi2, Gianluigi Savarese3

  • 1Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, Brescia 1-25123, Italy.

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PubMed
Summary

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common heart valve disorder with significant health impacts. Accurate phenotyping and risk assessment are crucial for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Valvular Heart Disease

Background:

  • Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a prevalent valvular disorder with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • TR is recognized as a heterogeneous condition with distinct phenotypes, including primary, atrial secondary, ventricular secondary, and device-related TR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increasing recognition of TR's heterogeneity and prognostic variability.
  • To emphasize the need for accurate phenotyping, risk stratification, and timely intervention in TR management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of contemporary population studies and disease-specific registries.
  • Analysis of clinical scores (TRI-SCORE, Wang score, TRIO score) for risk stratification.
  • Integration of recent staging models incorporating ventricular function, renal status, and biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Secondary TR is highly prevalent in elderly patients, those with heart failure, and candidates for transcatheter interventions.
  • Prognosis differs by etiology; atrial secondary TR has better survival than ventricular secondary TR.
  • TR severity is an independent predictor of mortality, necessitating refined risk stratification.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate phenotyping and structured prognostic assessment are essential for optimizing TR patient care.
  • Timely intervention during intermediate disease stages may improve outcomes by preventing irreversible end-organ damage.
  • Advances in understanding TR phenotypes and prognostication underscore the need for improved clinical management strategies.