HPTLC and LC-MS Based Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology for Garlic (Allium sativum) and Jamun (Syzygium...

Quality standardization of Indian medicinal plants is crucial for confirming their safety, efficiency, and validity in pharmaceutical applications. The current investigation explores ethnopharmacological perspectives of Allium sativum and Syzygium jambolanum through phytochemical screening using HPTLC and LC-MS profiling, and systems-based pharmacology investigation using network pharmacology and molecular docking studies. The results indicated that both plants are enriched in polyphenols, terpenoids, glycosides, etc., responsible for various biological activities. In vitro antioxidant activity demonstrated significant free-radical neutralization potential. HPTLC showed major and minor metabolites at different R_f values, and LC-MS analysis showed key bioactive substances including ferulic acid, gallic acid, naringenin, catechin, quercetin, and myricetin. The Network pharmacology study identified interactions with key proteins, including IL-1β, TLR4, IL6, NOS3, ABCA1, with prominent interaction of quercetin and kaempferol with the protein IL-1β. The DisGeNET mapping findings point toward their participation in key pathophysiological conditions like inflammation, interstitial inflammation, myofibroblast activation causing tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and microbial infection. The study concludes that A. sativum and S. jambolanum actively play a significant role in inflammation and associated dysfunctions, hence providing novel plant-based therapeutics as A. Sativum and S. jambolanum by highlighting the significance in traditional medicine as well as their potential relevance in contemporary pharmacology.