Virtual, Augmented, Mixed, and Immersive Technologies for Prenatal and Childbirth Education: Scoping Review

Area of Science:

• Health Education
• Medical Simulation
• Digital Health

Background:

• Extended reality (XR) technologies offer immersive learning experiences for health education.
• XR applications in prenatal and childbirth education are less explored than in clinical training.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the use of XR in prenatal and childbirth education.
• To identify educational benefits, methodologies, and challenges of XR in this context.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive scoping review searched multiple databases up to October 2025.
• Included studies applied XR technologies for prenatal/childbirth education for expectant parents.
• PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed for screening and data extraction.

Main Results:

• 11 studies from 8 countries were included, using VR, 360° video, and mixed reality.
• XR interventions showed feasibility, high engagement, reduced anxiety, and improved birth preparedness.
• Key themes included realism, usability barriers, and limited partner inclusion.

Conclusions:

• Preliminary evidence suggests XR is beneficial for prenatal education.
• Further rigorous studies are needed with standardized outcomes and partner involvement.
• Addressing access and digital literacy is crucial for integrating XR into maternity care.