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Multipass-cell-based pulse compression to sub-two-cycle duration at 2 µm.

Ziyao Wang, Warunya Röder, Tobias Heuermann

    Optics Letters
    |May 1, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new laser source generates ultrashort pulses in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) region. This breakthrough achieves high pulse energy and average power, enabling advanced nonlinear frequency conversion.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Optics
    • Laser Science

    Background:

    • Ultrashort pulse generation is crucial for advanced scientific research.
    • Shortwave infrared (SWIR) sources are valuable for nonlinear optics.
    • Achieving sub-two-cycle pulses in the SWIR region with high power is challenging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a high-power, ultrashort pulse laser source in the SWIR region.
    • To demonstrate sub-two-cycle pulse compression using a multipass cell (MPC) in the SWIR.
    • To establish a new benchmark for average power in SWIR ultrashort pulse lasers.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a thulium-doped fiber chirped-pulse amplification (Tm:fCPA) system.
    • Employed a gas-filled multipass cell (MPC) for pulse compression.
    • Operated at a repetition rate of 101 kHz to achieve high average power.

    Main Results:

    • Generated laser pulses with 11.0 fs duration at a 1.9 µm wavelength.
    • Achieved a pulse energy of 1.36 mJ and average power of 137 W.
    • Demonstrated the first MPC-based sub-two-cycle pulse compression in the SWIR region.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed SWIR laser source sets a new benchmark for average power.
    • The source's high pulse energy and average power are ideal for nonlinear frequency conversion.
    • This technology opens possibilities for generating radiation in terahertz, mid-infrared, and soft X-ray ranges.