Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry01:27

Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry

7.6K
A planar symmetry of charge density is obtained when charges are uniformly spread over a large flat surface. In planar symmetry, all points in a plane parallel to the plane of charge are identical with respect to the charges. Suppose the plane of the charge distribution is the xy-plane, and the electric field at a space point P with coordinates (x, y, z) is to be determined. Since the charge density is the same at all (x, y) - coordinates in the z = 0 plane, by symmetry, the electric field at P...
7.6K
Structure of Benzene: Kekulé Model01:07

Structure of Benzene: Kekulé Model

9.1K
In 1865, August Kekule suggested the structure of benzene according to the structural theory of organic chemistry based on the three assertions—formula of benzene is C6H6, all the hydrogens of benzene are equivalent, and each carbon must have four bonds due to its tetravalency.
He proposed that benzene has a cyclic structure of six carbon atoms attached to one hydrogen atom each, with three alternating pi bonds.
9.1K
Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field01:26

Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field

4.5K
The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
4.5K
Divergence and Curl of Electric Field01:25

Divergence and Curl of Electric Field

8.2K
The divergence of a vector is a measure of how much the vector spreads out (diverges) from a point. For example, an electric field vector diverges from the positive charge and converges at the negative charge. The divergence of an electric field is derived using Gauss's law and is equal to the charge density divided by the permittivity of space. Mathematically, it is expressed as
8.2K
Graphs of Polar Equations01:17

Graphs of Polar Equations

465
The polar coordinate system represents points using a distance from a central point (the pole) and an angle from a reference direction (the polar axis). Unlike rectangular coordinates, polar coordinates are ideal for graphing curves with radial symmetry or periodic behavior.Some general forms of graphs in polar coordinates include the following:Equation of a Circle (Centered at the Pole):A graph where the radius remains constant for all angles traces a circle centered at the pole:Equation of a...
465
Unsymmetric Bending01:18

Unsymmetric Bending

987
Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from those in symmetrical bending, and are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions. In unsymmetrical bending, the neutral axis—where stress is zero—does not necessarily align with the geometric axes of the cross-section. The...
987

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nanotechnology for Enhanced Cytoplasmic and Organelle Delivery of Bioactive Molecules to Immune Cells.

Pharmaceutical research·2022
Same author

An EPR-Independent extravasation Strategy: Deformable leukocytes as vehicles for improved solid tumor therapy.

Advanced drug delivery reviews·2022
Same author

Facile synthesis and evaluation of three magnetic 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol based covalent organic polymers as adsorbents for high efficient extraction of phthalate esters from plastic packaged foods.

Food chemistry: X·2022
Same author

Advanced oxidation processes and selection of industrial water source: A new sight from natural organic matter.

Chemosphere·2022
Same author

HMGB1-NLRP3-P2X7R pathway participates in PM<sub>2.5</sub>-induced hippocampal neuron impairment by regulating microglia activation.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety·2022
Same author

Direct characterization of ion implanted nanopore pyrolytic graphite coatings for molten salt nuclear reactors.

RSC advances·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
14:52

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Published on: September 23, 2018

8.2K

Imaging Kekulé Spiral Order in Graphene.

Can Zhang1,2, Hua Chen3, Ying Su4

  • 1Beijing Institute of Technology, School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing 100081, China.

Physical Review Letters
|May 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers visualized the Kekulé spiral order in graphene using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). This study reveals how topological defects engineer valley-ordered phases in graphene, offering insights into novel electronic properties.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

14.7K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing CryoEM Resolution Using Graphene-Coated Grids
06:53

Author Spotlight: Enhancing CryoEM Resolution Using Graphene-Coated Grids

Published on: September 8, 2023

3.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
14:52

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Published on: September 23, 2018

8.2K
Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

14.7K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing CryoEM Resolution Using Graphene-Coated Grids
06:53

Author Spotlight: Enhancing CryoEM Resolution Using Graphene-Coated Grids

Published on: September 8, 2023

3.7K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene's unique electronic properties stem from massless Dirac fermions.
  • Breaking chiral symmetry in graphene's valleys leads to phenomena like Kekulé order.
  • Understanding Kekulé order is crucial for novel electronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly visualize the bond texture of Kekulé spiral order in graphene.
  • To investigate the role of intervalley scattering at grain boundaries in forming Kekulé order.
  • To explore the influence of periodic potentials and electronic energy on Kekulé order.

Main Methods:

  • Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) for direct visualization.
  • Atomic-scale electronic wave function mapping.
  • Local-probe measurements to analyze bond texture and electronic properties.

Main Results:

  • Direct visualization of the bond texture associated with Kekulé spiral order in graphene.
  • Kekulé order originates from intervalley scattering at 1D grain boundaries.
  • Periodic potentials suppress Kekulé order strength.
  • Bond texture near boundaries shows complex spatial dependence and phase winding.
  • Bond texture evolves dramatically with electronic energy.

Conclusions:

  • Established the emergence of Kekulé spiral order in graphene.
  • Highlighted topological defects as key for engineering valley-ordered phases.
  • Demonstrated the tunability of Kekulé order via external potentials and energy levels.