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Structural reconfiguration of gluten-starch matrices driven by yeast fermentation and its effects on quality of
Guodong Zhang1, Pei Zhao1, Linfeng Zhu1
1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
Abstract:
This study aimed to systemically investigate the effects of yeast fermentation (0-2% yeast, flour basis; 0.5-2 h) on gluten and starch structures, and cooking and textural properties of fermented dried noodles (FDN). Yeast fermentation altered gluten structure mainly through glutathione (GSH)-mediated reduction of disulfide bonds, causing a decrease in glutenin macropolymer (GMP) content (1.79%-1.47% at 2% yeast). Starch granules exhibited surface pitting and abrasions, increased short-range order, and swelling power (increased by 17%) compared with the control. These structural changes promoted porous microstructures, extended cooking time, enhanced water absorption, and reduced hardness and cooking loss. The effects varied with yeast concentration: higher levels (1.5-2%) reduced gas-holding capacity and porosity. Notably, fermentation time (0.5-2 h) had no significant impact on FDN quality attributes. Collectively, yeast concentration was found to be the dominant factor, providing new mechanistic insights and theoretical support for optimizing yeast fermentation in FDN production.
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