Efficient enrichment and sensitive detection of phthalates in edible oil and traditional medicinal crops using a...

The residue of phthalates (PAEs) in edible products can cause endocrine disorders in the human body. In this study, a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) probe coated with fluoro-functionalized covalent organic frameworks (F-COFs) was developed for the extraction of PAEs. The synthesized F-COFs coating exhibited excellent hydrophobicity and high thermal stability, making it suitable for adsorbing PAEs. The established F-COF-SPME-GC method achieved a green analytical chemistry score of 0.63 in terms of environmental friendliness. It also exhibited satisfactory linear ranges of 0.02-100 μg L^-1 for all PAEs (R²≥0.9901), and limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.010 to 0.019 μg L^-1. The method was successfully applied to determine PAEs in six edible oils and six traditional medicinal crops, exhibiting relatively strong resistance to matrix interference. These results indicated that the F-COF-SPME probe provided significant promise for the efficient and robust adsorption and detection of PAEs in complex samples.