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Updated: May 4, 2026

Preparation of Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rats and Transgenic Mice for the Study of Synaptic Alterations during Aging and Amyloid Pathology
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Thalamic atrophy and its impact on cognitive function in normal aging.

Xin Zhang1, Yajun Shi2, Guanghui Yu1

  • 1Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China; School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.

Brain Research Bulletin
|May 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging impacts thalamic nuclei volume, affecting cognitive functions like executive attention and working memory. Specific thalamic subnuclei volumes correlate with better cognitive performance in healthy adults.

Keywords:
AgingCognitive functionsStructural magnetic resonance imagingThalamic subnucleiWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Aging Research
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • The human thalamus is a critical brain region for information integration and cognitive functions.
  • Age-related changes in thalamic volume are known, but specific subnuclei differences and their cognitive associations across adulthood are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in thalamic subnuclei volumes.
  • To examine the association between thalamic subnuclei volumes and cognitive function throughout adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • T1-weighted MRI scans from 314 cognitively healthy adults across four age groups (20-35, 36-50, 51-65, >65 years).
  • Comparison of thalamus volumes and cognitive function scales across age groups.
  • Analysis of associations between thalamic subnuclei volumes, cognitive function, and age.

Main Results:

  • Significant atrophy observed in ventral thalamic nuclei, paracentral (Pc), mediodorsal medial (MDm), lateral geniculate (LGN), and anterior pulvinar (PuA) nuclei in older adults.
  • Volumes of ventral, posterior, medial, and intralaminar thalamic subnuclei positively correlated with cognitive performance.
  • Stronger associations found with executive-attentional and working memory functions during aging.

Conclusions:

  • Thalamic subnuclei volumes are crucial for maintaining cognitive function during healthy aging.
  • Specific thalamic nuclei show age-related atrophy, impacting cognitive abilities, particularly executive attention and working memory.