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Related Concept Videos

Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

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An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
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Induced Electric Fields01:23

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The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
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Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
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Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

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A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
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Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors
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Direct in-fiber mode excitation enabled by on-chip spatial field engineering.

Zhuoxuan Song, Jingze Liu, Yuxuan Xiong

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a novel chip-fiber interface for directly exciting higher-order fiber modes. This method enables selective mode generation, crucial for integrated mode-division multiplexing applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Integrated Optics
    • Optical Communications

    Background:

    • Efficiently coupling light between integrated photonic circuits and optical fibers is essential for advanced communication systems.
    • Exciting specific higher-order modes in fibers directly from chip-based sources simplifies device architectures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and validate an interface-level field-mapping mechanism for direct excitation of higher-order fiber modes.
    • To enable selective mode generation without requiring separate on-chip mode-conversion stages.

    Main Methods:

    • Engineering the spatial distribution of optical fields at the chip-fiber interface.
    • Establishing a correspondence between on-chip phase-polarization and target fiber eigenmodes.
    • Utilizing a silicon-on-insulator platform with a grating-emitter array for programmable control.

    Main Results:

    • Theoretical analysis predicted an idealized modal-overlap upper bound of 97.8%.
    • Experimental near-field measurements confirmed selective excitation of LP12 and LP21 modes at 1550 nm.
    • The results qualitatively agreed with theoretical mode-selection behavior.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed field-mapping mechanism enables compact, direct chip-to-fiber spatial-mode manipulation.
    • This approach offers a simplified route for integrated mode-division multiplexing interfaces.
    • Further optimization is needed to reach theoretical overlap limits, but the concept is validated.