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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Physical Chemistry
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Pump-probe X-ray spectroscopy investigates light-induced changes in matter.
    • Laser excitation in solids causes lattice heating, leading to sample damage and spectral distortion.
    • High repetition rates at large facilities exacerbate these issues.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop solutions for mitigating sample damage in pump-probe X-ray spectroscopy.
    • To assess the impact of lattice heating on transient X-ray signals.
    • To provide tools for optimizing X-ray transient absorption (XTA) experiments.

    Main Methods:

    • Design and implementation of two novel in-vacuum sample cells.
    • One cell allows controlled static heating for temperature-dependent studies.
    • The second cell utilizes gas flow for enhanced heat dissipation.
    • Development of a methodology to estimate sample heating.

    Main Results:

    • The gas-flow cell significantly reduced heat accumulation and sample damage.
    • Controlled heating enabled static temperature-dependent X-ray experiments.
    • The heating estimation methodology provides a practical tool for experiment optimization.
    • Reduced sample damage and spectral distortion were observed.

    Conclusions:

    • In-vacuum sample cells effectively mitigate laser-induced heating and damage in pump-probe X-ray spectroscopy.
    • Gas-flow cooling is a viable strategy for heat dissipation.
    • The developed methodology aids in optimizing XTA experiments for various laser parameters.