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Epidemiological Insights into Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Portuguese Production Systems.

João Jacob-Ferreira1,2, Ana Cláudia Coelho2, Ana Grau Vila3

  • 1Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia nas Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) affect sheep and goats, causing economic losses. This study found a 32.95% seroprevalence in Portugal, with caprine species, older animals, and dairy aptitude being key risk factors for SRLV infection.

Keywords:
goatrisk factorsseroprevalencesheepsmall ruminant lentiviruses

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Animal Health

Background:

  • Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) are endemic globally, impacting sheep and goat productivity and causing significant economic losses.
  • Updated epidemiological data on SRLV in Portugal are limited, hindering effective control strategies.
  • SRLV infections necessitate comprehensive surveillance and risk factor identification for disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the seroprevalence of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLV) in Portuguese ovine and caprine populations.
  • To identify and analyze risk factors associated with SRLV seropositivity in these species.
  • To provide updated epidemiological data for informed disease control program development in Portugal.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted across randomly selected Portuguese ovine and caprine flocks.
  • Producers completed questionnaires to gather flock management and demographic data.
  • Indirect ELISA (ID Screen® MVV/CAEV Indirect) was employed for serological detection of SRLV antibodies.

Main Results:

  • Of 59 surveyed flocks, 55.93% had at least one SRLV-positive animal.
  • Individual sample analysis revealed an overall seroprevalence of 32.95% across 1302 animals.
  • Key risk factors for SRLV seropositivity included caprine species, non-autochthonous breeds, older animals, dairy production, unknown serostatus of new animals, and participation in livestock competitions.

Conclusions:

  • SRLV is prevalent in Portuguese sheep and goat populations, with significant regional variations observed.
  • Identified risk factors highlight the need for targeted interventions based on production systems.
  • Implementing voluntary control programs informed by specific risk factor analysis is crucial for managing SRLV in Portugal.