High-Intensity Interval and Aerobic Training Alleviate Cardiac Pathology, Apoptosis, and Atrial Fibrillation in Rats...

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Cardiology
• Exercise Physiology

Background:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant metabolic and cardiovascular complications.
• Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and Klotho dysregulation are central to CKD pathophysiology.
• Understanding the impact of exercise on these pathways is crucial for managing CKD complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate aerobic training (AT) on FGF23, Klotho, mineral metabolism, apoptosis, and atrial fibrillation (AF) in a rat model of CKD.
• To evaluate exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention for CKD-related cardiovascular and metabolic disturbances.

Main Methods:

• A rat model of CKD was established using 5/6 nephrectomy.
• Thirty-five Wistar rats were divided into control, sham, CKD, CKD + HIIT, and CKD + AT groups.
• Exercise interventions (HIIT or AT) were conducted for eight weeks, followed by measurements of cardiac parameters, blood biomarkers (FGF23, Klotho, minerals), apoptosis markers (BAX, Bcl2), and AF.

Main Results:

• Both HIIT and AT reduced heart weight and attenuated CKD-induced increases in FGF23 and decreases in Klotho.
• Exercise interventions improved mineral metabolism (phosphate, PTH, vitamin D) and modulated apoptosis markers (decreased BAX, increased Bcl2).
• Cardiac function was improved, and the duration of atrial fibrillation (AF) was reduced in exercise groups.

Conclusions:

• Exercise, including both HIIT and AT, can ameliorate cardiovascular and metabolic complications associated with CKD.
• Modulation of the FGF23 and Klotho pathways appears to be a key mechanism by which exercise exerts its beneficial effects.
• Exercise represents a promising non-pharmacological strategy for managing CKD patients.