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Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs

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Lung Function Trajectories After Preterm Birth: A Life-Course Approach to Age-Specific Monitoring.

Dorina Hoxha¹, Ilaria Bucci¹, Sabrina Di Pillo¹

¹Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini n°5, 66100 Chieti, Italy.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 4, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Preterm birth significantly impacts lung development, causing lasting respiratory issues. Prematurity itself, not just bronchopulmonary dysplasia, leads to impaired lung function and airflow limitation in children.

Keywords:

bronchopulmonary dysplasia life-course respiratory outcomes longitudinal lung function trajectories lung function preterm birth

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Pulmonology
Developmental Biology
Respiratory Medicine

Background:

Preterm birth disrupts critical lung development, leading to long-term respiratory problems.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a known factor, but prematurity itself significantly contributes to persistent pulmonary impairment.
Lung function trajectories in preterm children often remain low from infancy through adulthood, increasing vulnerability to chronic airflow limitation.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the substantial impact of prematurity per se on persistent pulmonary impairment in preterm-born children.
To emphasize the need for developmentally tailored approaches to assess lung function across different age groups.
To underscore the importance of early identification and intervention for abnormal lung function trajectories.

Main Methods:

Utilized non-volitional techniques (tidal breathing flow-volume loops, raised-volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression) for infant lung function assessment.
Employed impulse oscillometry for preschool children to detect small airway dysfunction.
Applied spirometry, body plethysmography, diffusing capacity, and multiple breath washout for school-aged children and beyond.

Main Results:

Reduced lung function is observed in preterm children, irrespective of BPD, and can persist into adulthood.
Abnormal lung function trajectories may predispose individuals to early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-like phenotypes.
Early identification of abnormal lung function and risk factors is crucial for effective long-term management.

Conclusions:

Prematurity per se is a significant contributor to long-term pulmonary impairment and chronic airflow limitation.
Standardized, age-specific lung function assessment protocols and harmonized reference values are essential for improved risk stratification.
Structured long-term follow-up and preventive strategies are vital to optimize respiratory outcomes in preterm-born populations.