Pulmonary Aspergillosis in an Infant with Multiple Hepatic Hemangiomas

Background: Infantile hepatic hemangiomas (IHH) are common benign vascular tumors in infancy with diverse presentations. Methods: We report a 7-week-old infant presenting with hepatosplenomegaly, multiple skin and hepatic hemangiomas, anemia, and recurrent lung infections. Results: Treatment included propranolol, corticosteroids, and sirolimus, along with antifungal prophylaxis with fluconazole. The patient developed pneumothorax and pulmonary aspergillosis. Despite antifungal therapy with voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B, along with surgical intervention, her condition deteriorated, resulting in multi-organ failure and death at 8.5 months of age. Conclusions: This case illustrates the complexity of IHH management and highlights the risk of severe infections during immunosuppressive therapy even when standard prophylaxis protocols are applied.