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Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems01:22

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Bioavailability is a critical pharmacological concept that measures the extent and rate at which an active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety enters the systemic circulation, remaining unchanged. It's a pivotal factor in determining a drug's efficacy and safety.The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) plays an essential role in drug development by categorizing drugs into four classes based on their solubility and permeability. This classification aids in understanding drug absorption...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

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Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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Bioavailability: Influencing Factors01:22

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Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches systemic circulation in its active form. Extent refers to the amount of the drug that makes it into circulation, while rate is the speed at which it enters circulation. It is influenced by several factors critical for optimizing drug formulations, dosing regimens, and therapeutic outcomes.Physicochemical properties of drugs and formulationsThe solubility, stability, and dissolution rate of a drug significantly impact its...
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Rational drug product design integrates knowledge of the drug’s physicochemical properties, formulation components, manufacturing techniques, and intended route of administration. Each factor influences the drug’s performance, including how it is released, absorbed, and eliminated in the body.The physicochemical properties of a drug—such as solubility, stability, and particle size—affect its compatibility with excipients and the choice of dosage form. Excipients, though...
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After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...
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Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
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Prospects of Bioactive Compounds in Designing Functional Foods: Challenges and Solutions.

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Microencapsulation protects bioactive compounds in functional foods, enhancing their stability and effectiveness. This technology ensures compounds remain potent through processing and digestion, delivering targeted health benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Growing demand for functional foods fortified with bioactive compounds like vitamins, probiotics, polyphenols, and peptides.
  • Challenges exist in maintaining the stability, release, and bioactivity of these compounds within food matrices.
  • Bioactive compounds are crucial for the efficacy of functional foods, impacting health benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review bioactive compounds, challenges, and strategies in functional food development.
  • To explore microencapsulation as a novel delivery system for bioactive compounds.
  • To ensure stability and bioavailability of added compounds in functional food formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on bioactive compounds and functional food formulations.
  • Analysis of microencapsulation techniques for protecting sensitive compounds.
  • Evaluation of in vitro models assessing stability, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory actions.

Main Results:

  • Microencapsulation protects bioactive compounds from degradation during food processing and digestion.
  • Enhanced stability, antioxidant activity, and immunomodulatory effects observed with microencapsulated versus free forms.
  • Targeted release in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and elicited cellular responses are key benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Microencapsulation is a promising strategy for improving the stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds in functional foods.
  • This technology addresses key challenges in formulation design, ensuring health benefits are delivered post-ingestion.
  • Further consideration of microencapsulation is warranted for optimizing functional food product development.