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In Vitro Inhibition of Pathogens by Polyols: Optical Density-Based Screening and Implications for the Oral-Systemic

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Four polyols were tested against oral microbes. Allulose, erythritol, and xylitol suppressed streptococcal growth, while allulose, D-mannose, and xylitol inhibited Fusobacterium nucleatum, impacting oral hygiene product formulation.

Keywords:
Candida albicansD-mannoseFusobacterium nucleatumStreptococcus anginosusStreptococcus mutansalluloseerythritoloral microbiomeoral–systemic linkpolyolsxylitol

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • Polyols are non-cariogenic sweeteners used in foods and oral care.
  • Their effects on diverse oral microbes and the oral-systemic axis are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the in vitro activity of four polyols (allulose, D-mannose, erythritol, xylitol) against key oral microorganisms.
  • To investigate polyol concentration-dependent effects on microbial growth.

Main Methods:

  • Optical density-based screening of polyol activity against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus anginosus, Candida albicans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum.
  • Microbial cultures were grown with polyols at 1-20% (w/v), with optical density at 600 nm (OD600) recorded at ~24 hours.
  • Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's HSD post hoc testing to determine significant differences.

Main Results:

  • Allulose, erythritol, and xylitol demonstrated concentration-dependent suppression of Streptococcus spp. growth at ≥5-10%.
  • Fusobacterium nucleatum showed high sensitivity to allulose, D-mannose, and xylitol (≥5%), while Candida albicans exhibited minimal changes.
  • Low concentrations of D-mannose and erythritol potentially stimulated microbial growth, indicating species-specific utilization or stress responses.

Conclusions:

  • Polyols exhibit taxon-specific antimicrobial activity, influencing oral microbial communities.
  • Findings can guide the formulation of swallow-safe oral hygiene products.
  • Further research in polymicrobial biofilms and clinical studies is warranted to explore oral inflammation and systemic risk.