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Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Divergent Stress Adaptation Strategies in Gamma-Induced Soybean Mutants
Tamer Gümüş1,2, Sinan Meriç1, Alp Ayan1
1Faculty of Science and Letters, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kültür University, Istanbul 34158, Türkiye.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 4, 2026
Summary
Mutation breeding created new soybean (Glycine max) varieties tolerant to salinity and drought. These mutants utilize distinct metabolic pathways, like isoflavone biosynthesis, to enhance stress resilience, demonstrating a sustainable approach for crop improvement.
Area of Science:
- Plant Science
- Agricultural Biotechnology
- Genetics
Background:
- Soybean (Glycine max) yield is significantly impacted by abiotic stresses like salinity and drought.
- Developing stress-tolerant soybean varieties is crucial for global food and feed security.
- Mutation breeding offers a method to enhance genetic diversity and improve plant stress tolerance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare gamma-induced salinity and drought-tolerant soybean mutants (SM1, SM3-1) with their parental line (S04-05).
- To investigate the genetic and metabolic pathways underlying stress tolerance in these mutants using GO and KEGG analyses.
- To evaluate mutation breeding as a strategy for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in soybeans.
Main Methods:
- Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed.
- Differential gene expression patterns were analyzed in mutant and parental soybean lines under stress and control conditions.
- Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis was conducted on genes within the isoflavone biosynthesis pathway.
Main Results:
- Mutant lines exhibited significant differential gene expression in pathways related to photosynthesis, hormone signaling, carbohydrate metabolism, and flavonoid/isoflavonoid biosynthesis.
- SM3-1 maintained photosynthetic apparatus and chloroplast homeostasis, while SM1 utilized osmotic adjustment and ROS scavenging.
- Upregulation of isoflavone biosynthesis genes was observed in mutants under various conditions, highlighting its role in stress tolerance.
- Identified SNPs in the isoflavone pathway were predominantly moderate-impact or modifier variations.
Conclusions:
- Gamma mutagenesis effectively generated soybean variants with distinct mechanisms for abiotic stress tolerance.
- Isoflavone biosynthesis plays a sustained, key role in soybean stress tolerance.
- Mutation breeding is a sustainable and effective strategy for developing abiotic stress-tolerant soybean varieties.
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