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Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
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Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of...
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Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
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Updated: May 5, 2026

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Movement Disorders in MOGAD: A Systematic Review.

Stefania Kalampokini1, Antonis Frontistis1, Antonis Pilavas2

  • 11st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|May 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Movement disorders like ataxia are common in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Associated Disease (MOGAD), often appearing at onset, especially in children. Early diagnosis and treatment with steroids can lead to significant recovery.

Keywords:
MOGADataxiademyelinating disordersmovement disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Movement disorders are frequently overlooked in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Associated Disease (MOGAD).
  • This study systematically reviews documented movement disorders in MOGAD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize all movement disorders previously described in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Associated Disease (MOGAD).

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus.
  • Studies included patients diagnosed with MOGAD and exhibiting various movement disorders.

Main Results:

  • Ninety-one patients from 58 studies were analyzed, with cerebellar ataxia being the most prevalent movement disorder (84.6%).
  • Movement disorders often presented at MOGAD onset (70%), particularly in pediatric cases, with subcortical and cerebellar lesions common on imaging.
  • Full recovery or significant improvement was observed in approximately 50% of patients following immunomodulatory treatment, primarily steroids.

Conclusions:

  • The emergence of movement disorders, especially ataxia, warrants investigation for MOGAD, particularly in young patients.
  • It may also signify a relapse in individuals with a pre-existing MOGAD diagnosis.