Natural Bioactive Compounds in Dental Materials: Balancing Biological Activity and Functional Properties

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Materials Engineering
• Natural Product Chemistry

Background:

• Dental materials aim to improve biological function and performance.
• Integrating bioactive natural compounds is a growing area of research.
• Understanding their impact on material properties is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review natural compounds in dental materials.
• To analyze incorporation methods and their effects.
• To synthesize evidence on biological and material influences.

Main Methods:

• Narrative review of literature.
• Searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
• Focused on restorative, prosthetic, adhesive, cementitious, and hydrogel materials.

Main Results:

• Polyphenols, polysaccharides, proteins, terpenoids, and microbial/marine compounds are used.
• Incorporation via bulk modification, surface functionalization, coatings, and hybrid architectures.
• Compounds offer antimicrobial, antioxidant, and bioactive benefits but affect mechanical, physicochemical, and optical properties.

Conclusions:

• Balancing biological activity and material performance is essential.
• Stability, standardization, and long-term clinical performance require consideration.
• Further research needed for optimized natural compound integration in dental materials.