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Nano-Engineered Sandwich Interlayers for Simultaneous Functionalization and Delamination Resistance in CFRPs.

Pengzhe Ji1,2, Yunxiao Zhang2,3, Yunfu Ou2

  • 1School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.

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|May 4, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers enhanced carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) delamination resistance using carbon nanotube (CNT) interlayers. An optimal 1.0 wt% CNT loading significantly increased fracture toughness by over 100%, improving structural integrity for advanced applications.

Keywords:
Mode II interlaminar fracture toughnesscarbon fiber-reinforced polymerscarbon nanotubesglass fiber mesh fabricinterlaminar delaminationsandwich-structured interlayers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) are crucial in aerospace and automotive industries for their high strength-to-weight ratio.
  • Integrating functionality into CFRP without compromising mechanical properties, especially delamination resistance, is a significant challenge.
  • Functional interlayers offer a route to enhanced material performance but often increase structural complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effectiveness of a novel sandwich-structured interlayer (GF/CNTs-CNTv/GF) for enhancing the Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP.
  • To examine the influence of interlayer architecture and carbon nanotube (CNT) loading on delamination resistance.
  • To elucidate the toughening mechanisms responsible for improved interlaminar fracture toughness.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of CFRP laminates with sandwich-structured interlayers containing varying CNT concentrations.
  • Systematic evaluation of Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness using standardized testing methods.
  • Microstructural analysis of delamination failure modes and toughening mechanisms via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultra-depth-of-field 3D microscopy.

Main Results:

  • An optimal CNT loading of 1.0 wt% in the interlayer resulted in a maximum Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness (GIIC) of 1644.8 J/m2.
  • This represents a 103.06% increase in GIIC compared to the reference CFRP laminate without the functional interlayer.
  • Failure analysis revealed a transition from interfacial debonding to a robust mesh-block composite delamination pattern, indicating enhanced energy dissipation.

Conclusions:

  • CNT-modified sandwich interlayers effectively enhance the interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP.
  • The improved performance is attributed to synergistic nano-engineering effects, including matrix toughening and CNT 'nano-anchoring'.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy for developing multifunctional CFRP with superior delamination resistance for demanding applications.