Design of Unattended Rain and Snow Protection Device for Total Station Based on D-S Evidence Fusion

Aiming at the rain protection problem of outdoor precision instruments such as total stations, this paper designs an environmentally adaptive intelligent protection system based on D-S evidence fusion and state machine control. In terms of mechanical structure, the protective cover is designed as a sinking type, which not only improves the safety of the equipment but also avoids the shielding problem of the working surface compared with the traditional upward-lifting structure. The system collects data from multi-source meteorological sensors and uses D-S evidence theory for fusion decision-making. To alleviate decision conflicts in high-conflict scenarios, a conflict-guided dynamic weight adjustment strategy is introduced. Combined with a dual-layer finite state machine, the system realizes coordinated control between environmental perception and protection actions and can activate protection within 30 s under severe weather. Simulation results show that the improved method increases the response speed by 41.9-62.5% compared with traditional D-S fusion in weather transition conditions. In a 28-day field test, the system achieves a daily protection success rate of 96.4% and 100% reliability in critical weather transitions. The proposed system can provide reliable support for the all-weather safe operation of field precision measurement equipment.