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Related Concept Videos

Pipe Flowrate Measurement01:28

Pipe Flowrate Measurement

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In pipe flow measurement, orifice, nozzle, and Venturi meters are commonly used to determine fluid flowrates by constricting the flow area, which increases fluid velocity and reduces pressure. This pressure difference, governed by Bernoulli's principle and adjusted for real-world conditions, is essential for calculating flowrate. Each meter type is suited to specific applications based on accuracy, efficiency, and compatibility with various flow conditions.
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Multipipe systems consist of complex configurations of interconnected pipes designed to transport fluids efficiently across intricate networks. They are essential in engineering applications requiring precise control over flow distribution, pressure, and head loss. They are categorized into series, parallel, loop, and network configurations, each distinguished by unique flow characteristics and applications.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition
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High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition

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A Novel Water-Cut Sensing Method for a Multiphase-Flow Pipeline Using a Ridged-Horn Antenna.

Gaoyang Zhu1, Junlin Feng1, Yunjun Zhang1

  • 1College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel microwave sensor effectively monitors water-cut in oil and gas production, even with complex fluid mixtures. This non-contact system offers accurate, full-range water-cut measurement for challenging field conditions.

Keywords:
broadband microwave sensingoil-water emulsionridged horn antennastratified flowwater-cut measurement

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Area of Science:

  • Petroleum Engineering
  • Microwave Sensing Technology
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Oil and gas production faces challenges with high water-cut and complex flow regimes in later development stages.
  • Conventional water-cut measurement methods (capacitance, conductance, resistance) lack accuracy, stability, and adaptability for these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel non-contact broadband microwave system for highly sensitive, full-range (0-100%) water-cut monitoring.
  • To assess the system's performance in characterizing water-cut for both emulsified and stratified oil-water mixtures.

Main Methods:

  • Design and optimization of a ridged-horn antenna microwave transmission sensor (RHAMTS) using analytical calculations and finite-element simulations.
  • Conducting static and dynamic experiments with emulsified oil-water mixtures and stratified oil-water layers.
  • Analyzing broadband spectral signatures, including amplitude attenuation and phase shift, to correlate with water-cut.

Main Results:

  • The RHAMTS effectively characterizes water-cut in both emulsified and stratified oil-water flow regimes.
  • Amplitude attenuation and phase shift systematically varied with water-cut in emulsified mixtures, even under saline conditions.
  • Amplitude attenuation proved more robust for practical water-cut discrimination in stratified flow.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed RHAMTS provides a feasible and efficient non-contact approach for water-cut monitoring.
  • The system's rich spectral information and compatibility with various flow regimes overcome limitations of conventional methods.
  • RHAMTS offers a robust solution for complex field conditions in oil and gas production.