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This study introduces a modified microwave-frequency fiber interferometry technique for distributed sensing in transoceanic cables with high-loss loopbacks. The method enables accurate detection and localization of low-frequency events, enhancing cable monitoring capabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Optical Physics
  • Telecommunications Engineering
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Long-distance transoceanic cables with high-loss loopbacks pose challenges for distributed sensing.
  • Existing microwave-frequency fiber interferometry requires modifications for compatibility with such links.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt microwave-frequency fiber interferometry for distributed sensing in transoceanic cables with high-loss loopbacks.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of detecting and localizing low-frequency events using this modified technique.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a variant of microwave-frequency interferometry compatible with high-loss loopbacks.
  • Implemented critical modifications for detecting multiple return signals.
  • Conducted a proof-of-principle experiment using a two-loop configuration.

Main Results:

  • Successfully detected and localized low-frequency events (<10 Hz) with span-level resolution.
  • Validated the modified technique's potential for transoceanic cable monitoring with high-loss loopbacks.
  • Theoretical analysis showed a signal-to-noise ratio advantage for microwave-frequency interferometry at sub-Hz frequencies compared to optical methods for long amplifier spacings (~100 km).

Conclusions:

  • The modified microwave-frequency fiber interferometry is effective for distributed sensing in transoceanic cables with high-loss loopbacks.
  • This approach offers a viable solution for monitoring long-haul fiber optic networks.
  • Microwave-frequency interferometry presents advantages over optical methods for specific low-frequency sensing applications in telecommunication infrastructure.