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Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated...
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Dental Service Use during the 30 Years before Type 2 Diabetes Onset.

E Raittio1,2, F V Bitencourt1,3, V Baelum1

  • 1Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Ecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

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Summary

Individuals who later developed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had fewer dental visits years before diagnosis. When they did visit, they received more complex and invasive dental procedures, suggesting shared risk factors.

Keywords:
cohort studiesdental carediabetes mellitus type 2oral healthregistriesrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Oral health research
  • Diabetes mellitus research
  • Public health epidemiology

Background:

  • The link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and oral diseases is known, but long-term dental care patterns preceding T2DM diagnosis remain understudied.
  • Understanding pre-diagnosis dental care can offer insights into shared risk factors and preventive strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe and compare long-term dental service utilization in individuals up to 30 years before a type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis versus matched controls.
  • To identify distinct dental care patterns associated with future T2DM incidence.

Main Methods:

  • A matched cohort study utilizing nationwide Danish registry data from 1990 to 2021.
  • Inclusion of individuals born between 1950 and 1970 with incident T2DM (identified by medication or diagnosis) and four age/sex-matched controls per case.
  • Analysis of dental service utilization, including general care, periodontal, endodontic, restorative, and extraction treatments, using logistic and Poisson regression models.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with incident T2DM had fewer overall dental visits in preceding years compared to controls (2.4 fewer years with visits).
  • T2DM patients were more likely to undergo periodontal and endodontic treatments and had a higher rate of extractions and slightly more restorative treatments.
  • A pattern emerged where individuals who developed T2DM were less likely to attend dental care long-term, but when they did, procedures were more complex and invasive.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-diagnosis dental care patterns in individuals who develop T2DM differ significantly from controls, characterized by reduced overall attendance and increased complex/invasive procedures.
  • Findings support a common risk factor approach for preventing both T2DM and oral diseases at multiple levels (clinical, health system, policy).
  • Further research into shared risk factors and integrated prevention strategies is warranted.