Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

3.0K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
3.0K
Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

4.7K
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
4.7K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

950
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
950
Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

9.9K
Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
9.9K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

8.1K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
8.1K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

5.0K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
5.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Distributed control circuits across a brain-and-cord connectome.

Nature·2026
Same author

A Cross-Species Enhancer-AAV Toolkit for Cell Type-Specific Targeting Across the Basal Ganglia.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Foundation model of neural activity predicts response to new stimulus types.

Nature·2026
Same author

Are Synaptic Clefts Directionally Oriented?

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Connectomic reconstruction from hippocampal CA3 reveals spatially graded mossy fiber inputs and selective feedforward inhibition to pyramidal cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Distributed control circuits across a brain-and-cord connectome.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

Layered social competition coordinates reproductive hierarchy formation in ants.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Combination epigenetic-targeted therapy increases the immunogenicity of poorly immunogenic sarcomas.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Loss of LanC-like proteins delays post-injury regeneration of aging skeletal muscles.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Integrative Transfer Network: Deep Transfer Learning Across Populations and Prediction Targets.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Confidence-supported label-free metabolic imaging with FPhaS phase autofluorescence microscopy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Sequence-encoded autoinhibition couples mRNA decapping activity to phase separation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Large-scale Three-dimensional Imaging of Cellular Organization in the Mouse Neocortex
09:55

Large-scale Three-dimensional Imaging of Cellular Organization in the Mouse Neocortex

Published on: September 5, 2018

7.9K

Cell-type-specific parallel pathways in the canonical cortical microcircuit.

Chi Zhang1, Casey M Schneider-Mizell1, Bethanny Danskin1

  • 1Allen Institute for Brain Science.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|May 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cortical information processing uses distinct neuronal pathways for bottom-up and top-down signals. These parallel streams, maintained by specific neuron types and inhibitory interneurons, avoid signal collapse within the canonical circuit.

More Related Videos

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
08:49

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

Published on: January 22, 2018

12.6K
Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Neuronal Microcircuits in Acute Brain Slices Using Paired Patch-Clamp Recordings
10:24

Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Neuronal Microcircuits in Acute Brain Slices Using Paired Patch-Clamp Recordings

Published on: January 10, 2015

16.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Large-scale Three-dimensional Imaging of Cellular Organization in the Mouse Neocortex
09:55

Large-scale Three-dimensional Imaging of Cellular Organization in the Mouse Neocortex

Published on: September 5, 2018

7.9K
Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
08:49

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

Published on: January 22, 2018

12.6K
Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Neuronal Microcircuits in Acute Brain Slices Using Paired Patch-Clamp Recordings
10:24

Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Neuronal Microcircuits in Acute Brain Slices Using Paired Patch-Clamp Recordings

Published on: January 10, 2015

16.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cortical information processing integrates bottom-up and top-down signals via recurrent microcircuits.
  • The precise synaptic mechanisms underlying this integration within the canonical microcircuit are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the intralaminar and interlaminar connectivity of intratelencephalic (IT) neurons in mouse primary visual cortex (V1).
  • To elucidate how distinct neuronal populations and pathways contribute to parallel signal processing streams.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized large-volume electron microscopy (EM) reconstructions of mouse V1.
  • Mapped the synaptic connectivity of intratelencephalic (IT) neurons across layers 2/3 and 5.

Main Results:

  • Identified a depth-dependent gradient of recurrent connectivity in layer 2/3 IT neurons, suggesting separate channels for bottom-up (superficial L2) and top-down (deeper L3) processing.
  • Demonstrated that these channels are maintained across layers by cell-type-specific pathways involving distinct layer 5 IT neuron types.
  • Found that largely separate inhibitory interneuron populations regulate each channel, stabilizing excitation and limiting crosstalk.

Conclusions:

  • Revealed parallel, cell-type-specific processing streams embedded within the canonical cortical circuit.
  • These findings provide a synaptic-level understanding of how distinct cortical pathways contribute to complex information processing.