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Updated: May 5, 2026

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
Published on: December 11, 2016
An Agentic Platform for Drug Repurposing Unified across Molecular, Phenotypic, and Clinical Scales
Cheng Wang1,2, Mohamed El Moussaoui1, Dongdong Zhang2
1Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
None:
Drug repurposing offers an effective path to new therapies, yet existing computational approaches rely on a single line of evidence and are rarely validated across biological scales. We present LinkD, an integrated framework that unifies diffusion-based affinity prediction, proteome-wide selectivity scoring, phenotypic validation, and population-scale clinical evidence. LinkD-Bind predicts binding across 14,981 drugs and 20,385 human targets, ranking first in 8 of 9 BindingDB, Davis, and KIBA evaluations, with the largest gains under cold-start conditions. LinkD-Select recovers 95.3% of known drug-target pairs by combining selectivity scoring and molecular docking. LinkD-Pheno integrates drug-sensitivity and CRISPR dependency data across 960 cancer cell lines, identifying 34 novel drug-gene pairs and recovering ~85% of known targets among the top 50 candidates. Across 11.5 million individuals from Mount Sinai and UK Biobank, LinkD-prioritized β-blockers propranolol (HR 0.82) and carvedilol (HR 0.92) reduced 5-year prostate cancer incidence relative to metoprolol, corroborated by ADRB2 docking and LNCaP growth inhibition. LinkD-Agent, which can effectively orchestrate all evidence layers, is served on a publicly available web platform (https://linkd-agent.onrender.com/), enabling a wide range of users to derive new drug repurposing opportunities through natural language queries.
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