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Biodegradable capacitive sensors for biomedical applications: sensitivity and lifetime.

Minki Hong^1,2, Seunghun Han^1,2, Gilmo Kim^1,2

¹School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea.

Biomedical Engineering Letters

|May 4, 2026

Summary

Biodegradable capacitive sensors offer transient biomedical monitoring but face a sensitivity-lifetime trade-off. This review details strategies for enhancing sensitivity and controlling degradation for implantable and wearable applications.

Keywords:

Biodegradable electronics Biomedical devices Capacitive sensor

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Sensor Technology

Background:

Biodegradable sensors are emerging as a sustainable alternative to permanent devices, reducing surgical removal needs and electronic waste.
Capacitive sensors are ideal for physiological monitoring due to their simplicity, low power, and soft material compatibility.
Clinical translation of biodegradable capacitive sensors is hindered by the challenge of balancing sensitivity and operational lifetime.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review biodegradable capacitive sensors, focusing on strategies for sensitivity enhancement and lifetime modulation.
To analyze design approaches for optimizing sensor architecture and dielectric layers to improve sensitivity.
To examine encapsulation techniques for controlling degradation and extending functional lifetime.

Main Methods:

Review of academic literature on biodegradable capacitive sensors.
Analysis of design strategies for sensitivity enhancement (architecture, dielectric engineering).
Evaluation of encapsulation methods for lifetime control and degradation management.

Main Results:

Sensitivity can be improved through optimized sensor architecture and advanced dielectric materials.
Encapsulation strategies effectively control degradation rates and prolong functional operational lifetimes.
Distinct approaches are required for wearable versus implantable biodegradable capacitive sensors.

Conclusions:

Achieving a balance between sensitivity and lifetime is critical for practical biomedical applications.
Design guidelines for biodegradable capacitive sensors can be derived from complementary strategies for sensitivity and lifetime.
Further research is needed to advance biodegradable capacitive sensors toward clinical use and scalable manufacturing.