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Exposure to Screens as a Risk Factor to Risk for Impaired Child Development Under 6 Years: A scoping review.

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Excessive screen time in children under 6 is linked to developmental issues. This review highlights the need for mindful technology use to support healthy child development.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Pediatric Health
  • Media Psychology

Background:

  • Screen time is ubiquitous in early childhood, influencing daily routines.
  • Potential negative effects of screen exposure necessitate evidence mapping for nursing practice.
  • Understanding screen time's impact is crucial for updating child development knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map existing evidence on screen exposure as a risk factor for impaired child development up to age 6.
  • To synthesize findings on the negative effects of screen exposure on young children.
  • To inform nursing diagnoses related to early childhood screen time.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review utilizing the JBI framework (2024).
  • Inclusion of children aged 6 or younger, focusing on negative effects of any screen exposure.
  • Searched five databases (March 2025), analyzed 26 full-text articles from the past decade.

Main Results:

  • 26 English articles from diverse global contexts were analyzed.
  • Studies predominantly used cross-sectional or longitudinal observational designs.
  • Identified developmental issues across cognitive, language, motor, sleep, socio-emotional, and behavioral domains.

Conclusions:

  • Excessive screen time correlates with deficits in cognitive, language, sleep, behavioral, and socio-emotional development.
  • Gaps identified include a lack of longitudinal studies and limited understanding of parental mediation and content.
  • Emphasizes the need for strategies promoting mindful technology use in early childhood.