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Related Concept Videos

Ethics in Research01:56

Ethics in Research

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Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
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Hazard Ratio01:12

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The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
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Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
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Types of Reports II: Incident or Occurrence Report01:21

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An Incident or Occurrence Report in a healthcare setting is a crucial document used to record any unexpected occurrence that may or may not have affected a patient, employee, or visitor. Such reports are critical to improving patient safety and include all details leading up to and including the event.
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Types of Reports III: Telephone and Verbal Reports01:26

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Telephone and Verbal Reports in healthcare settings are two communication methods for conveying therapeutic instructions from healthcare providers to nurses or other healthcare staff.
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Ethical Dilemmas II01:30

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Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:
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Human Research Protections during Emergencies: An Integrative Review.

Lauren M Sauer1, Megan K Singleton2, Andrew Stolbach3

  • 1Associate professor in the Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health at the College of Public Health at the University of Nebraska Medical Center.

Ethics & Human Research
|May 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conducting human subjects research during emergencies is challenging but vital. Robust institutional review board (IRB) support, including pre-approved protocols and enhanced training, is crucial for effective emergency research.

Keywords:
human research ethicshumanitarian emergenciesinfectious disease outbreaksinstitutional review boards (IRBs)natural disasterspublic health emergencies

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Medical Ethics
  • Human Subjects Research

Background:

  • Societal and humanitarian emergencies, such as disease outbreaks and natural disasters, present unique challenges for human subjects research.
  • These challenges include regulatory complexities, maintaining research rigor, protecting vulnerable populations, and managing risks.
  • Despite obstacles, research is critical for improving emergency response and public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the use of emergency or rapid response review boards, including ethics reviews and institutional review boards (IRBs), in emergency contexts.
  • To identify common themes, gaps, and recommendations for conducting human subjects research during emergencies.
  • To underscore the need for robust IRB support before and during emergencies.

Main Methods:

  • An integrative literature search was conducted on rapid emergency human subjects research reviews.
  • Articles were selected based on pre-defined criteria, including empirical research, operational action, and theoretical discussion.
  • Data were abstracted and synthesized to identify common themes, gaps, and recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Findings highlight the critical need for strong institutional review board (IRB) support in emergency settings.
  • The review identified common themes and gaps in current practices for emergency research reviews.
  • Recommendations focus on improving efficiency and ethical considerations in emergency research.

Conclusions:

  • Robust IRB support, including pre-approved protocols and enhanced training, is essential for effective emergency research.
  • Increased funding and resources are necessary for emergency IRB support.
  • Future research should systematically implement and assess the effectiveness of these recommendations across diverse emergency contexts.