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Joint power-time resource optimization for multi-tag RFID wireless power transfer via model predictive control and
Lina Yuan1, Xiaoye Wang2, Huajun Chen1
1School of Data Science, Tongren University, Tongren, China.
Plos One
|May 4, 2026
Summary
This study introduces a Joint Power-Time Optimization (JPTO) framework for long-range wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. The new approach enhances energy efficiency and ensures fairness for multiple Internet of Things (IoT) tags.
Area of Science:
- Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)
- Internet of Things (IoT)
- Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Background:
- Conventional wireless power transfer systems often use fixed-parameter controllers, leading to suboptimal energy efficiency and fairness.
- Existing systems struggle to adapt to time-varying channel conditions and heterogeneous device requirements in IoT networks.
- Reactive Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers lack the adaptability needed for dynamic WPT environments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a comprehensive optimization framework for long-range RFID-based WPT systems.
- To maximize end-to-end energy efficiency while ensuring Quality-of-Service (QoS) fairness among multiple IoT tags.
- To introduce adaptive control and resource allocation strategies for improved WPT performance.
Main Methods:
- Implemented a Model Predictive Control (MPC)-based adaptive power control mechanism to replace traditional PID controllers.
- Developed a convex optimization framework for dynamic Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA) slot allocation to ensure energy harvesting fairness.
- Utilized an Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM)-based distributed algorithm to solve the non-convex joint optimization problem.
Main Results:
- The proposed Joint Power-Time Optimization (JPTO) framework achieved a peak efficiency of 37.6%, significantly outperforming conventional PID control (28.4%).
- Demonstrated a 61.9% reduction in power fluctuations, leading to more stable power delivery.
- Maintained a normalized fairness index of 0.94 for heterogeneous IoT loads (sensors) across distances of 0.5-5 meters.
Conclusions:
- The JPTO framework effectively optimizes long-range RFID-based WPT systems for enhanced energy efficiency and fairness.
- The adaptive MPC and distributed ADMM algorithms provide robust solutions for dynamic and complex IoT environments.
- The proposed system is validated for diverse mobile IoT applications requiring reliable wireless power delivery.
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