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Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

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Explainable AI-driven diagnosis model for early glaucoma detection using grey-wolf optimized extreme learning machine

Debendra Muduli¹, Santosh Kumar Sharma¹, Sujata Dash²

¹Department of Computer Science and Engineering, C.V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Plos Computational Biology

|May 4, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

GlaucoXAI, an explainable AI model, accurately detects glaucoma from retinal images. This computer-aided diagnosis tool enhances early detection and clinician trust, improving patient outcomes.

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Last Updated: May 6, 2026

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Published on: February 15, 2022

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A Laser-induced Mouse Model of Chronic Ocular Hypertension to Characterize Visual Defects

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Published on: August 14, 2013

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology and Medical Imaging
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Computer Vision

Background:

Glaucoma is a primary cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
Early detection of glaucoma is critical for preventing vision loss.
Current diagnostic methods can be time-consuming and require expert interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce GlaucoXAI, a novel computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) model for glaucoma detection.
To integrate machine learning and explainable AI (XAI) for enhanced diagnostic accuracy and interpretability.
To improve early glaucoma diagnosis and support clinical decision-making.

Main Methods:

Utilized fast discrete curvelet transform with wrapping (FDCT-WRP) for feature extraction.
Employed combined principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for dimensionality reduction.
Implemented an improved grey wolf optimization (IMGWO) algorithm with an extreme learning machine (ELM) for classification and overfitting reduction.

Main Results:

Achieved high accuracy: 93.87% on the G1020 dataset and 95.38% on the ORIGA dataset.
Demonstrated superior performance compared to existing glaucoma detection methods.
10×5-fold stratified cross-validation (SCV) confirmed model robustness and generalizability.

Conclusions:

GlaucoXAI provides an accurate, efficient, and explainable approach to glaucoma diagnosis.
The explainable AI component enhances model interpretability, fostering clinician trust.
The proposed model shows significant potential for aiding ophthalmologists in the early detection of glaucoma.