Immunogenicity of PCV13 during Hospitalization soon after infection resolution: Vaccis study

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Immunology
• Public Health

Background:

• Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination is vital for high-risk individuals.
• Hospitalization presents a unique opportunity for timely vaccination.
• Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) are essential for preventing invasive pneumococcal disease.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the vaccine response rate (VRR) to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV13) in hospitalized adult patients.
• To identify factors influencing VRR in this population.
• To assess the feasibility of administering PCV13 during hospitalization.

Main Methods:

• Prospective study of adult patients hospitalized for infections (>48 hours).
• Inclusion criteria: eligibility for PCV13 vaccination between April 2021 and 2023.
• Primary endpoint: VRR at least one month post-vaccination, assessed by IgG levels.

Main Results:

• 143 patients were included; common comorbidities included diabetes mellitus (47%) and cardiovascular disease (42%).
• Overall VRR was 46%. Non-responders had significantly lower IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMC).
• Higher Charlson scores (>3) predicted lower VRR (OR: 0.23). Vaccination within 48 hours post-apyrexia (OR: 6.25) and diabetes (OR: 2.70) were associated with better VRR.

Conclusions:

• Hospitalization is a valuable opportunity for pneumococcal vaccination in high-risk adults.
• A brief delay until after apyrexia can optimize vaccine response.
• Vaccination should be considered during hospitalization rather than routinely postponed.