Psychological distress and Africentric coping strategies among nurses in Ghana: prevalence, correlates and predictors

Nursing is intrinsically demanding, exposing practitioners to substantial workloads, emotional labour, and systemic healthcare challenges that contribute to significant psychological distress. In Ghana, the compounding effects of structural deficiencies within the healthcare system make nurses particularly vulnerable. However, research on culturally informed coping strategies within this population remains limited. This study examined the association between psychological distress and Africentric coping strategies among 248 nurses in public healthcare facilities in the Central and Greater Accra regions of Ghana.

Data were collected using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Africultural Coping Systems Inventory (ACSI). Psychological distress was operationalised as the summed HADS total score (range: 0-42). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression models were used to examine associations.

The mean HADS anxiety score was 12.22 (SD = 3.14) and mean depression score was 11.27 (SD = 3.06), indicating elevated anxiety and moderate depressive symptoms. Mean ACSI subscale scores were: Cognitive/Emotional Debriefing M = 2.11 (SD = 0.61), Spiritual-Centred Coping M = 2.18 (SD = 0.73), Collective Coping M = 1.96 (SD = 0.58), and Ritual-Centred Coping M = 0.75 (SD = 0.34). Spiritual (r = - .268, p < .05) and collective coping (r = - .587, p < .05) were significantly and negatively associated with psychological distress; cognitive and ritual coping were not. In regression models, only spiritual (β = -2.681) and collective (β = -0.811) coping demonstrated significant negative associations with distress. Demographic factors including gender, marital status, and professional rank were significant predictors of distress.

These findings highlight the importance of culturally and contextually tailored mental health support that incorporates spiritual resources and peer support networks. The study provides empirical evidence to guide healthcare policy, workplace mental health programming, and culturally responsive nursing practice in sub-Saharan Africa.

Not applicable.