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Social Risk Factors and Disparities in Advanced Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.

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Social risk factors like economic instability and limited education are linked to advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. These associations vary significantly by race, ethnicity, and sex, highlighting the need for tailored interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Social risk factors are known contributors to cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic diseases.
  • The specific associations between social determinants and advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome remain unclear.
  • Understanding variations across demographic subgroups is crucial for targeted public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between individual social risk factors and advanced CKM syndrome.
  • To determine if these associations differ across age groups, sexes, and racial/ethnic populations.
  • To inform public health initiatives aimed at mitigating CKM syndrome disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018).
  • Inclusion of adults aged 30 years and older, with weighted analyses for national representativeness.
  • Weighted logistic regression models assessed associations between five social risk domains and advanced CKM syndrome (stages 3-4), stratified by race/ethnicity and sex.

Main Results:

  • Among 28,218 participants representing 165.8 million US adults, 44.7% had advanced CKM syndrome.
  • Economic instability, limited education, and poor social context were significantly associated with advanced CKM syndrome, with notable variations by race/ethnicity and sex.
  • Associations were generally stronger in women compared to men, with specific risk factors showing differential impact across racial and ethnic groups.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple social risk factors are independently associated with advanced CKM syndrome in US adults.
  • Significant disparities in these associations exist across racial/ethnic groups and sexes.
  • Integrating social risk screening and tailoring interventions for high-risk subgroups are essential for reducing CKM syndrome progression and health inequities.