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Supplementing Disease Risk Information for Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease with Polygenic Risk Scores:

Otto Halmesvaara1, Marleena Lonna2,3, Helena Kääriäinen3

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Summary

Receiving polygenic risk scores (PRS) did not significantly change health behaviors or motivation. This study found that adding PRS to risk communication, based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), had minimal psychological effects.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Health Psychology
  • Genetics
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are increasingly used for complex disease prediction (e.g., type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease).
  • Limited research exists on the psychological impact of receiving PRS, particularly from a health psychology perspective.
  • This study explored PRS effects using the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if incorporating PRS into risk communication influences health behaviors.
  • To examine the psychological effects of PRS using a HAPA-inspired model.
  • To assess the impact of PRS on health motivation and subsequent behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized experimental design (N=1494) with two groups: PRS result provided (751) vs. not provided (743).
  • Multigroup structural equation modeling to analyze HAPA-inspired path models.
  • Examined relationships between perceived risk, self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, intentions (physical activity, fruit/vegetable intake), and behavior.

Main Results:

  • Multigroup analysis showed small, non-significant differences between the PRS and control groups.
  • Inclusion of PRS did not substantially alter the motivational pathways within the HAPA model.
  • PRS did not significantly impact intentions or subsequent health behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Supplementing traditional risk information with PRS does not significantly disrupt motivational processes for health behavior change.
  • Findings are consistent with prior HAPA model research and studies on PRS psychological impact.
  • PRS integration into risk communication appears psychologically neutral regarding health behavior change mechanisms.