From Atomic Layers to Moire Superlattices: Engineering Quantum Interfaces in 2D Heterostructures for Next Generation...

Area of Science:

• Condensed Matter Physics
• Materials Science
• Optoelectronics

Background:

• Terahertz (THz) spectral domain is crucial for charge transport and quantum interactions.
• Conventional materials lack tunability and confinement for THz applications.
• Emergence of 2D quantum materials offers atomic-layer control over THz light-matter interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a materials-by-design framework for next-generation THz optoelectronics using 2D quantum materials.
• To explore THz electrodynamics in various 2D material systems.
• To highlight the role of interfaces and moiré superlattices in controlling THz response.

Main Methods:

• Review of materials-by-design strategies for 2D heterostructures and moiré superlattices.
• Analysis of unconventional THz electrodynamics in graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, magnetic 2D materials, and MXenes.
• Application of ultrafast terahertz spectroscopy to probe transient conductivity and dynamics.

Main Results:

• Reduced dimensionality and enhanced Coulomb interactions yield unique THz electrodynamics.
• Magnetic 2D materials and MXenes introduce spin, charge, and lattice excitations for expanded THz functionality.
• Interfacial assembly and moiré potentials enable programmable control over quantum energy landscapes and electronic properties.

Conclusions:

• Quantum interface engineering with 2D heterostructures is a new paradigm for THz photonics.
• 2D materials are foundational for future information, sensing, and quantum technologies.
• Ultrafast THz spectroscopy bridges quantum materials physics and device functionality.