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Related Concept Videos

Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

219
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
219
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

49
Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
49
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

32
Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
32
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

29
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
29
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

32
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
32
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

48
A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial...
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Related Experiment Video

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Neurocysticercosis-Associated Meningitis: A Systematic Review.

Ravindra Kumar Garg1, Neeraj Kumar2, Vinay Suresh3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Neurology India
|May 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurocysticercosis-associated meningitis, a severe central nervous system infection, often presents with headache and requires timely diagnosis and treatment. Outcomes are favorable with individualized medical and surgical management.

Keywords:
Albendazolechronic meningitiscysticercal meningitiscysticercosiseosinophilic meningitis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Neurocysticercosis is a common parasitic infection of the central nervous system.
  • Meningitis caused by cysticercus is frequently underdiagnosed compared to parenchymal forms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and outcomes of neurocysticercosis-associated meningitis.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and PROSPERO registration.
  • Analysis of case reports, series, and cohorts describing meningitis attributed to neurocysticercosis.
  • Extracted data included demographics, presentation, imaging, CSF findings, diagnostics, therapy, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Headache (94%) was the most common symptom; chronic meningitis and meningoencephalitis were frequent subtypes.
  • Neuroimaging often showed subarachnoid cysts and hydrocephalus; CSF analysis revealed elevated protein (88%) and low glucose (73%).
  • Surgical intervention was needed in 54% of cases; albendazole (88%) and corticosteroids (44%) were common treatments. Complete recovery occurred in 35% with 6% mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Neurocysticercosis-associated meningitis is a severe, often subarachnoid disease.
  • Diagnostic delays and need for surgery are common.
  • Timely, individualized medical and surgical management leads to favorable outcomes.