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Factors Associated with Condom Use Among HIV-Positive Adolescents in Eastern Uganda
Benjamin Betunga1, Lilian Nuwabaine2, Joseph Kawuki3
1Tororo General Hospital, Tororo, Uganda.
HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)
|May 6, 2026
Summary
Condom use is low among HIV-positive adolescents in Uganda, with only 10.9% reporting consistent use. Predictors include urban residence, older age, and drug use, highlighting the need for improved access to sexual health services.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Adolescent Health
Background:
- Adolescents are a significant demographic in the global HIV epidemic.
- Low HIV testing rates among adolescents increase transmission risks.
- Consistent condom use is vital for preventing HIV transmission and drug resistance, yet remains uncertain in HIV-positive adolescents on antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of condom use among HIV-positive adolescents.
- To identify predictors of condom use in this population.
- To inform targeted interventions for improving sexual health outcomes in HIV-positive adolescents in Uganda.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2025.
- 165 HIV-positive adolescents (aged 10-19 years) at Tororo General Hospital ART clinic participated.
- Structured questionnaires and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to collect and analyze data.
Main Results:
- Condom use prevalence was low at 10.9%.
- Significant predictors of condom use included urban residence, older age (15-19 years), secondary education, Muslim religion, multiple sexual partners, longer duration on ART (>5 years), and drug use.
- Lack of free condom access (99.4%) and prior counseling (75.8%) were prevalent.
Conclusions:
- Condom use among HIV-positive adolescents in Uganda is suboptimal.
- Interventions should focus on enhancing condom accessibility, providing targeted sexual health education, and addressing sociocultural barriers.
- Future research should explore tailored strategies to improve condom adherence in this vulnerable population.
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