Modulation of Donor-Acceptor Stacking in Viologen Coordination Polymers toward Enhanced Multimodal Photoresponsive...

The fabrication of crystalline stimuli-responsive materials with high-contrast and rapid-response behavior and establishing an efficient strategy system for performance regulation are highly appealing for the development of intelligent materials. In this context, four novel multistimuli-responsive functional coordination polymers (CPs), {[Ln(m-bcbp) (NDC)_0.5(H₂O)_1.5(NO₃)_0.5]·Cl·(NO₃)}_n (Ln = Eu, CP 1-Eu; Ln = Dy, CP 1-Dy) and {[Ln(m-bcbp) _0.5(NDC) (H₂O)₂]·Cl}_n (Ln = Eu, CP 2-Eu; Ln = Dy, CP 2-Dy), based on viologen ligand and lanthanide ions were successfully prepared and systematically characterized. All CPs exhibit fast and reversible chromic responses under UV irradiation and applied voltage, enabled by the strong electron-donating ability of the electron-rich ancillary ligands, excellent redox activity of viologen, and distinct π-π stacking between them. Moreover, the formation of viologen radicals via photoinduced electron transfer (PIET) confers upon these compounds highly contrasted photomagnetic (30.8% reduction for CPs 1-Dy) and photoluminescent (95.4% quenching for CPs 1-Eu) responses. Furthermore, based on the well-defined crystal structure, the intrinsic coordination flexibility, and the diverse photoresponsive behavior, the performance regulation mechanism was comprehensively elucidated.