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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Studying the Impact of Maternal Dietary Deficiencies on Long-Term Offspring Health Outcomes

Author Spotlight: Studying the Impact of Maternal Dietary Deficiencies on Long-Term Offspring Health Outcomes

Published on: June 28, 2024

Maternal Fish Intake in the Year Prior to Conception and Birth Defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study,

Dorothy Kim Waller¹, Zeyu Miao¹, Renata H Benjamin¹

¹School of Public Health at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA.

Birth Defects Research

|May 6, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal fish consumption of two or more servings weekly may reduce the risk of nine specific birth defects. However, high fish intake was linked to an increased risk of tricuspid atresia.

Keywords:

Dandy Walker syndrome choanal atresia cleft palate congenital abnormalities craniosynostosis diet fish gastroschisis heart defects holoprosencephaly

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Pediatrics
Nutritional Epidemiology

Background:

Limited data exists on maternal fish intake and birth defect associations.
This study investigates the link between fish consumption and 52 distinct birth defects.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the association between maternal fish intake and the occurrence of 52 different birth defects.
To compare high fish intake (≥2 servings/week) with low/no intake.

Main Methods:

Logistic regression analysis of data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS).
Included 29,242 mothers of infants with birth defects and 10,973 control mothers (1997-2011).
Focused on fish intake in the year prior to conception.

Main Results:

High fish intake was associated with reduced odds of 9 birth defects (e.g., Dandy Walker syndrome, cleft palate).
Adjusted odds ratios for these defects ranged from 0.32 to 0.83.
An elevated association was found for tricuspid atresia (aOR=1.76).

Conclusions:

Consuming 2 or more servings of fish weekly may prevent certain birth defects.
Findings align with FDA recommendations for pregnant women (2-3 servings/week of low-mercury seafood).
Many US women in the study did not meet recommended fish intake levels.