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Ergogenic Effects of Intermittent Hand Cooling on High-Intensity Resistance Exercise Performance: A

Anjie Wang^1,2, Weihao Fu², Boyu Shen²

¹Department of Physical Education, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China ; and.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

|May 6, 2026

Summary

Intermittent hand cooling improves high-intensity resistance exercise performance by enhancing neuromuscular activation and reducing perceived exertion. A placebo effect also contributed to performance gains, suggesting combined physiological and psychological benefits.

Keywords:

biceps curl exercise volume fatigue neuromuscular activation temperature

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Area of Science:

Exercise Physiology
Sports Science
Human Performance

Background:

Intermittent peripheral cooling is a proposed ergogenic aid for resistance exercise.
The role of placebo effects in cooling interventions is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the ergogenic effects of intermittent hand cooling on resistance exercise performance.
To assess the impact of hand cooling on neuromuscular activation and perceived exertion.
To differentiate between physiological cooling effects and placebo effects.

Main Methods:

A placebo-controlled, three-arm crossover study involving 14 recreationally trained men.
Participants performed biceps curls to failure at 70% of one-repetition maximum under three conditions: cold-water immersion (COOL), thermoneutral immersion (SHAM), and control (CON).
Intermittent cooling/immersion was applied during 90-second rest periods between sets.

Main Results:

Total exercise volume was significantly greater in the COOL condition compared to CON and SHAM.
The SHAM condition also showed improved volume compared to CON, indicating a placebo effect.
Hand cooling enhanced electromyography amplitude and reduced perceived exertion without affecting barbell velocity or heart rate.

Conclusions:

Intermittent hand cooling enhances high-intensity resistance exercise performance and neuromuscular activation.
Both physiological cooling and psychological placebo effects contribute to the ergogenic benefits of hand cooling.
Hand cooling is an effective ergogenic strategy that does not increase perceived exertion.