Real-time Dual Sensing of cTnI and Myoglobin via Printable Graphitized Electrodes

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has emerged as a serious global health concern. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health authorities report approximately 100 million cases annually worldwide, with about 9 million associated mortalities. As AMI can affect individuals regardless of their age or prior health status, making early and pre-symptomatic detection is crucial for clinical intervention. Targeting AMI biomarkers such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and myoglobin is therefore essential for timely diagnosis and treatment. Hence, the development of ultra-sensitive and highly specific sensors is crucial. Herein, a laser-induced graphene (LIG)-based electrochemical biosensor capable of dual detection of two pivotal AMI biomarkers, cTnI and myoglobin, is presented, hence addressing the need for simultaneous biomarker monitoring. Electrochemical analytical techniques such as Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques were employed, achieving limits of detection (LoD) and quantification (LoQ) of 0.035 ng/mL and 0.105 ng/mL for cTnI, and 1.39 ng/mL and 4.25 ng/mL for myoglobin, respectively. The fabricated electrodes exhibited excellent stability and reproducibility, supported by physicochemical characterizations confirming detailed electrode morphology. Furthermore, this dual-detection platform was successfully tested for real-time detection in human blood serum, yielding high recovery values and demonstrating its potential for practical, real-world applications.