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Preschoolers' attitudes towards broken and avoided commitments.

Owen Waddington1, Bahar Köymen1

  • 1Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Acta Psychologica
|May 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children learn about promises, but their views on commitment avoiders are unknown. Five-year-olds preferred promise-breakers with bad reasons, showing early social learning about commitment value.

Keywords:
CommitmentMoral reasoningNormativityPromises

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Children learn the social value of promises from early interactions.
  • Understanding children's attitudes towards commitment avoidance is underexplored.
  • Promises shape children's expectations and social judgments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate children's attitudes towards agents who avoid commitment versus those who break promises.
  • To explore how reasons for non-commitment influence children's social evaluations.
  • To examine age-related differences in children's responses to promise-breaking and commitment avoidance.

Main Methods:

  • A preregistered online study with 96 UK-based 4- and 5-year-olds.
  • Participants observed two agents in a joint cleaning task: one promised help, the other avoided it.
  • Agents provided either "good" or "bad" reasons for their behavior.

Main Results:

  • In the "Good Reason" condition, children evaluated both agents similarly.
  • In the "Bad Reason" condition, 5-year-olds preferred the promise-breaking agent over the commitment avoider.
  • Four-year-olds did not show a preference between the agents in the "Bad Reason" condition.

Conclusions:

  • Children's social learning about promises influences their attitudes towards commitment.
  • Five-year-olds may value the cooperative intent conveyed by promises, leading to a preference for promise-breakers over avoiders when reasons are poor.
  • Early socialization regarding the value of promises can shape children's positive attitudes towards those who break them.