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Related Concept Videos

Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving01:30

Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving

A three-dimensional force system refers to a scenario in which three forces act simultaneously in three different directions. This type of problem is commonly encountered in physics and engineering, where it is necessary to calculate the resultant force on the system, which can then be used to predict or analyze the behavior of the object or structure under consideration.
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Three-Dimensional Force System01:30

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Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes01:25

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Relative Motion Analysis - Velocity01:24

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Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving01:29

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving

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Relative Motion Analysis - Acceleration01:10

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation
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Published on: October 28, 2021

Dynamic evaluation of claw toe using three-dimensional motion analysis.

Keita Aimoto1, Daiki Shimotori2, Jun Matsumura1

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.

Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation
|May 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a 3D motion analysis for toe movement, successfully differentiating claw toe from healthy individuals. The method also tracked changes after botulinum toxin therapy in a patient with claw toe.

Keywords:
Spasticityclaw toemodified Ashworth scalestrokethree-dimensional motion analysis

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

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Published on: October 28, 2021

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics
  • Motion Analysis

Background:

  • Claw toe is a common spastic lower limb deformity.
  • Objective analysis of claw toe has been lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Establish a 3D motion analysis method for toe movement.
  • Evaluate toe motion in healthy individuals and a patient with claw toe.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study with 20 healthy individuals and 1 patient.
  • Infrared markers on the second toe, motion capture with 5 cameras.
  • Measurement of proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and metacarpophalangeal (MTP) joint angles during lower limb elevations.

Main Results:

  • 3D motion analysis successfully evaluated toe motion.
  • Healthy individuals showed no significant joint angle changes.
  • The claw toe patient exhibited increased PIP and MTP joint flexion, with progressive PIP flexion over repetitions.

Conclusions:

  • 3D motion analysis effectively evaluates toe motion.
  • This method distinguishes joint behavior in claw toe patients.
  • The analysis can track treatment effects, such as post-botulinum toxin therapy.