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Related Concept Videos

Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...

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Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
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Balanced Atrio Ventricular Canal Defect: Distilling the Data.

Meena Nathan1, Alyssa Tutunjian2, Gerald Marx3

  • 1Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual
|May 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complete atrioventricular canal defect (CAVC), a common congenital heart issue, results from endocardial cushion fusion failure. This review covers its history, management evolution, surgical outcomes, and recent genetic and imaging advancements.

Keywords:
atrioventricular canal defectsimagingmanagement strategiesoutcomes

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Left Atrial Ligation in the Avian Embryo as a Model for Altered Hemodynamic Loading During Early Vascular Development
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Left Atrial Ligation in the Avian Embryo as a Model for Altered Hemodynamic Loading During Early Vascular Development

Published on: June 16, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Complete atrioventricular canal defect (CAVC) is the seventh most common congenital heart defect, occurring in approximately 1 in 1712 live births.
  • Embryologically, CAVC arises from the failure of endocardial cushion fusion, leading to complex cardiac abnormalities.
  • These abnormalities can affect the atrial septum, atrioventricular (AV) valve, subvalvar apparatus, and ventricular septum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of complete atrioventricular canal defect (CAVC).
  • To discuss the historical context and evolution of management strategies for CAVC.
  • To review current surgical outcomes and recent advancements in genetics and imaging for CAVC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on historical timelines, management strategies, and surgical outcomes.
  • Discussion of embryological origins of CAVC.
  • Inclusion of recent advances in genetic and imaging techniques relevant to CAVC.

Main Results:

  • CAVC presents a spectrum of abnormalities due to endocardial cushion fusion failure.
  • Management strategies have evolved significantly over time.
  • Current surgical approaches offer improved outcomes for well-balanced CAVC patients.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the embryological basis of CAVC is crucial for diagnosis and management.
  • Surgical intervention has advanced, leading to better outcomes for CAVC.
  • Future research directions include leveraging genetic and advanced imaging techniques for CAVC.