[Potent Tissue Protection by Lipid-modified Extracellular Vesicles SPLEVs]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by virtually all cell types, are instrumental in intercellular and intertissue communication; their membranes are characterized by a phospholipid bilayer that is structurally analogous to the cellular plasma membrane. They encapsulate diverse cargo, including nucleic acids, such as microRNAs and various proteins. Recent studies have highlighted the multifaceted biological functions of EVs phospholipid bilayers. For instance, certain lymphoma cells have been observed to exploit secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) to generate lysophospholipids, thereby actively suppressing antitumor immune responses. In addition to highlighting the capacity of lysophospholipids to attenuate the rapid inflammatory reactions characteristic of cytokine storms. This lecture delves into the newly elucidated mechanisms that contribute to inflammation regulation. This presentation primarily focuses on the intricate interplay between EVs, phospholipids, and sPLA2, an enzyme crucial for phospholipid degradation, as the key components of this regulatory axis.