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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...

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[Development of Plant-derived Extracellular Vesicle-based Therapeutic Systems].

Makiya Nishikawa1,2, Kosuke Kusamori1,2, Shoko Itakura1,2

  • 1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science.

Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
|May 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Plant-derived nanoparticles (pdNPs) from corn and rice bran show promise as safe, cost-effective cancer therapies. These natural nanoparticles exhibit antitumor and immunostimulatory effects, offering a sustainable alternative for drug delivery and medical applications.

Keywords:
cancer therapycornplant-derived nanoparticlerice bransurface modification

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Plant Biotechnology

Background:

  • Plants are vital resources for medicine, providing compounds for traditional remedies and modern drugs.
  • Attention is shifting towards plant-derived nanoparticles (pdNPs) as advanced therapeutic platforms, moving beyond small molecules.
  • Plant-derived nanoparticles offer advantages over mammalian extracellular vesicles (EVs) including safety, stability, and cost-effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of plant-derived nanoparticles (pdNPs) from edible plants, specifically corn and rice bran.
  • To evaluate the antitumor and immunostimulatory effects of corn-derived nanoparticles (cNPs) and rice bran-derived nanoparticles (rbNPs).
  • To assess the feasibility of using pdNPs as sustainable and cost-effective nanomedicines for cancer therapy and drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanical processing of edible plants (corn, rice bran) to obtain plant-derived nanoparticles (pdNPs).
  • Characterization of pdNPs for size, biocompatibility, and composition (e.g., carotenoids in cNPs).
  • In vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the efficacy of cNPs and rbNPs against colon26 cancer cells, including apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and macrophage activation. PEGylation was used to improve cNP pharmacokinetics.

Main Results:

  • Corn-derived nanoparticles (cNPs) inhibited colon26 tumor cell growth by inducing G2 arrest and apoptosis, and activated macrophages, demonstrating dual antitumor and immunostimulatory effects.
  • PEGylation of cNPs enhanced tumor accumulation and therapeutic efficacy following intravenous administration.
  • Rice bran-derived nanoparticles (rbNPs) exhibited superior tumor-specific growth inhibition compared to Doxil®, induced apoptosis in colon26 cells, and suppressed peritoneal dissemination in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Plant-derived nanoparticles (pdNPs), particularly cNPs and rbNPs, are safe, cost-effective, and sustainable biomaterials.
  • These nanoparticles hold significant potential for advancing cancer therapy, vaccine development, and drug delivery systems.
  • pdNPs represent a promising avenue for developing novel nanomedicines with therapeutic activity and environmental benefits.