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Fourier Beamforming of Ultrasound Signals From Chirp Transmits Using the Chirp Scaling Algorithm.

Louise Zhuang1, Scott Schoen2,3, Jeremy Dahl4

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Ultrasonic Imaging
|May 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Chirp scaling algorithm (CSA) offers faster ultrasound image reconstruction than traditional methods, improving visibility for deeper targets. This frequency-domain beamformer enhances signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and penetration depth without compromising image quality.

Keywords:
chirpcoded excitationfrequency-domain beamformingrange-Dopplersynthetic aperture

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Ultrasound
  • Signal Processing
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Synthetic aperture (SA) ultrasound enhances resolution but faces computational challenges with delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming.
  • Low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and limited penetration depth hinder SA imaging, especially for deeper targets.
  • Chirp coded excitation improves SNR and penetration but can increase computational load, though frequency-domain beamforming offers a solution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate the Chirp Scaling Algorithm (CSA), a frequency-domain beamformer, for ultrasound synthetic aperture imaging.
  • To compare the computational efficiency and image quality of CSA against traditional DAS and Range-Doppler Algorithm (RDA) beamformers.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of CSA for high-quality ultrasound imaging, particularly in resource-constrained settings.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical derivation of CSA beamforming steps for multistatic synthetic aperture ultrasound data.
  • Comparative imaging analysis using Field II simulations and *in vitro* experiments with a CIRS phantom on a Verasonics Vantage 256 system.
  • Evaluation of lateral sidelobe levels, resolution, and computational runtime for CSA, DAS, and RDA.

Main Results:

  • CSA, DAS, and RDA achieved comparable lateral sidelobe levels (within 6 dB) and resolution (within 0.1 mm).
  • CSA demonstrated significantly faster median baseline runtime (at least 2.6x faster than DAS).
  • CSA achieved a 6.5-fold runtime decrease via precomputation, outperforming even RDA in speed.

Conclusions:

  • The Chirp Scaling Algorithm (CSA) is a feasible and computationally efficient beamforming method for ultrasound synthetic aperture imaging.
  • CSA provides high-quality ultrasound images comparable to existing methods while offering substantial improvements in processing speed.
  • CSA's efficiency makes it particularly suitable for resource-constrained ultrasound devices, enhancing diagnostic capabilities.