Mass Spectrometry Based Multi-Omics Integration: Analytical Methods and Biological Applications.

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Systems Biology
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Biological systems possess complex regulatory networks that single-omics approaches struggle to fully elucidate.
• Genomics and transcriptomics offer regulatory insights but often fail to capture functional molecular outcomes.
• Mass spectrometry (MS)-based multi-omics integration provides a powerful strategy to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically review MS-based multi-omics approaches, focusing on integrating proteomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, and spatial omics data.
• To highlight computational frameworks and translational applications in biomarker discovery and precision medicine.
• To examine the advancements and future potential of MS-centered multi-omics for systems biology.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of published studies on MS-based multi-omics integration.
• Analysis of approaches combining proteomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, and spatial omics data.
• Examination of computational frameworks and applications in biomarker discovery and precision medicine.

Main Results:

• MS-centered multi-omics integration significantly improves molecular coverage, quantitative accuracy, and pathway interpretation.
• Applications in cancer, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and environmental research show enhanced biomarker robustness and mechanistic resolution.
• Spatial and single-cell MS developments address cellular heterogeneity, while computational methods manage data complexity.

Conclusions:

• MS-based multi-omics integration is a rapidly advancing technique for systems biology and translational research.
• Continued progress in MS instrumentation, acquisition, and computational integration will enhance biological interpretability.
• This approach accelerates the discovery of clinically and biologically significant molecular signatures.