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Related Concept Videos

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States03:25

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...
Reaction Stoichiometry02:57

Reaction Stoichiometry

A balanced chemical equation provides a great deal of information in a very succinct format. Chemical formulas provide the identities of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change, allowing classification of the reaction. Coefficients provide the relative numbers of these chemical species, allowing a quantitative assessment of the relationships between the amounts of substances consumed and produced by the reaction. These quantitative relationships are known as the reaction’s...
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Chemical Stoichiometry and Gases: Using Ideal Gas Law to Determine Moles03:12

Chemical Stoichiometry and Gases: Using Ideal Gas Law to Determine Moles

Chemical stoichiometry describes the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions.

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
08:14

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

Published on: August 23, 2017

Recent Advances and Challenges in Ammonia-Hydrogen Energy Conversion.

Menghao Lv1, Runchao Qin2, Jianshuo Chen1

  • 1Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Ammonia (NH3) offers a practical solution for storing and transporting hydrogen energy, overcoming challenges of current methods. This review explores integrated ammonia-hydrogen systems for sustainable energy storage and distributed power generation.

Keywords:
ammonia decompositionammonia synthesisammonia‐hydrogen conversationcatalysisrenewable energy

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Area of Science:

  • Energy storage systems
  • Chemical engineering
  • Renewable energy integration

Background:

  • Hydrogen energy is crucial for climate change mitigation but faces storage and transport challenges.
  • Current hydrogen storage methods (liquefaction, high-pressure gas) are energy-intensive and difficult.
  • Ammonia (NH3) presents a viable alternative hydrogen carrier due to its high density and established infrastructure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review recent advancements in ammonia synthesis and decomposition technologies.
  • To identify challenges and provide insights for developing novel ammonia-hydrogen energy systems.
  • To support the transition to low-carbon energy and distributed power generation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of key technologies in ammonia synthesis.
  • Analysis of recent progress in ammonia decomposition processes.
  • Evaluation of integrated ammonia-hydrogen energy system concepts.

Main Results:

  • Ammonia offers a high hydrogen density and utilizes mature storage and transport infrastructure.
  • Integrated ammonia-hydrogen systems show potential for low-carbon energy transition.
  • Challenges in ammonia synthesis and decomposition require further research and development.

Conclusions:

  • Ammonia-hydrogen energy systems are strategically important for sustainable energy storage.
  • Further innovation in ammonia synthesis and decomposition is needed for cost-effective hydrogen utilization.
  • These systems can contribute significantly to distributed power generation and renewable energy integration.